• Two consumer bankruptcy attorneys said they're seeing more younger clients.
• The lawyers cited rising living costs and stagnant wages as drivers of the trend.
• They also said they're seeing more clients with massive debt, thanks to online gambling.

For some young adults crushed by heavy debt loads, bankruptcy has emerged as an escape hatch.

Two consumer bankruptcy attorneys told Business Insider they've seen a noticeable uptick in Gen Z and young millennial clients, ages of 25 and 35, in recent years — with one saying their share has increased severalfold.

The lawyers pointed to soaring living costs, lagging wages, and the ease of racking up credit card debt as key forces behind the trend. Factors like buy now, pay later loans and online betting are accelerating the rate at which some young people spiral into debt, they said.

"We're definitely seeing more young filers, and it's not because they're irresponsible," said Florida bankruptcy attorney Chad Van Horn. "It's because they entered adulthood during one of the most financially distorted environments in decades."

Personal bankruptcy filings in the United States have been on the rise since their COVID pandemic-era low in 2022. Still, they remain far short of the post-Great Recession peak in 2010, when cases topped about 1.5 million.

More than 533,000 individual bankruptcy cases were filed last year, according to the American Bankruptcy Institute, citing data from Epiq Bankruptcy Analytics.

Nearly 333,000 of those 2025 filings were Chapter 7 cases — the most common form of personal bankruptcy — which can erase most unsecured debts, including credit card balances or medical bills.

Chapter 13 filings, which involve a repayment plan to pay down some or all debts, accounted for just over 200,000 cases.

"What we're seeing is sort of the hangover from several years of government stimulus and all the various economic things that have driven up costs and expenses while keeping wages fairly flat," said Ed Boltz, a North Carolina bankruptcy attorney.

High consumer debt for young filers

Although there's no comprehensive, official data source tracking the ages of bankruptcy filers in the US, both Boltz and Van Horn said young adults are now showing up in greater numbers than before, pushing Van Horn's firm to rethink how it markets to clients.

"It's extremely surprising," said Van Horn, adding that 30% to 35% of his firm's roughly 4,000 clients last year were between the ages of 25 and 35. Historically, he said, that age group made up just 5% to 10% of the caseload.

The surge in younger clients has forced Van Horn's law firm to change its marketing strategy, the attorney said.

"We need to be where the 25 to 35 year olds are because they're not necessarily in the same place that the 55 year old is getting their information from," said Van Horn.

As Business Insider has previously reported, a wave of recent TikTok videos shows young people championing bankruptcy as a way to wipe out massive amounts of debt. Some called bankruptcy the "best" decision they've ever made.

Boltz said his firm handled about 2,000 bankruptcy cases in 2025, with about 20% of clients in the 25 to 35 range. He noted that it's unclear whether young adults now represent a larger share of filers overall or whether the increase reflects the broader rise in cases.

Even so, Boltz said his firm has seen the greatest growth in bankruptcy filings from young adults and seniors in recent years.

Young filers often carry significant student loan debt, which is generally not dischargeable in bankruptcy. They also face escalating housing and living costs that put more strain on their budgets, the attorneys said.

Ready access to credit cards, personal loans, and buy now, pay later programs has compounded the problem, making it easy for young people to rack up debt quickly, they said.

"That formula is just a bad formula for Gen Z," said Van Horn, who explained that many once relied on gig work to close budget gaps. "But a lot of them are burning out, and that work isn't paying what it used to."

He said substantial consumer debt is a common factor among his younger clients. And for some, online sports betting has become a major contributor to that debt.

Gambling debts are also on the rise

Both Van Horn and Boltz told Business Insider that they've been seeing a growing number of young clients — men in particular — with tens of thousands of dollars in credit card debt accumulated through online gambling.

"The gambling is really the one that has in the last year, year and a half, really taken off," Boltz said, adding, "We've started to see people with $20,000, $30,000, $40,000 of fairly rapid credit card that they've incurred" through online betting.

Van Horn said he's increasingly seen younger people get "addicted to gambling," a trend he believes is being amplified by a culture of FOMO or fear of missing out.

It's the idea, he said, that "everybody's making money, everybody's having fun" and then "you get involved, and you lose all your money."

Popular sports betting companies like DraftKings and FanDuel have recently stopped accepting credit card deposits for bets. DraftKings ended the practice in August, and FanDuel followed earlier this month.

The crypto-based prediction market Polymarket has allowed users to fund their accounts with credit cards since 2024.

"We are seeing a lot more where we have clients who are very young, mid 20s, early 30s, who overwhelmingly tend to be men, who have run up pretty massive credit card debts gambling," said Boltz.

"The apps are explicitly designed to part you from your money."

Are you a young person who has filed for bankruptcy or is considering filing for bankruptcy? Contact this reporter via email at nmusumeci@businessinsider.com.

• After years of decline, the Gap brand recently posted its ninth straight quarter of growth.
• Gap brand CEO Mark Breitbard said he's shifted the company's focus back to basics.
• Gap has regained relevance with millennials while building appeal with Gen Z via viral partnerships.

Danielle Shaw, a 31-year-old living in Los Angeles, said her mom used to dress her in Gap clothes as a kid — and that was her only memory of wearing the brand until about two years ago.

"I went into Gap, and I honestly became obsessed with everything that I tried on," Shaw told Business Insider.

Shaw said she stocked up on basics like sweatsuits and T-shirts. She left with three or four pairs of denim because the fit and price point were "amazing." The brand is now a staple in her wardrobe, and she said her friends have bought in, too.

Shaw isn't the only zillennial embracing the 57-year old brand for the first time. A new wave of shoppers is discovering Gap after years of declining relevance. TikTok is full of influencers showing off their Gap hauls, while buzzy partnerships with artists like Katseye and Young Miko have breathed new life into the brand, once known to be the epitome of American basics.

Founded in 1969 with a simple idea to help customers find a pair of jeans that fit, Gap is leaning back into its roots: affordable, well-fitting essentials.

Gap's focus on younger customers — its target shopper is 25 to 35 — appears to be paying off. Sales rose 5% last year to $3.5 billion, cementing its comeback after years of flat or declining growth. Comparable sales were up 7% in the fourth quarter, marking Gap's ninth straight quarterly increase. Parent company Gap Inc. is riding the momentum too, posting its second year in a row of revenue growth and one of its highest gross margins in 25 years.

Gap's global brand CEO Mark Breitbard returned to the brand in 2020 and has been on a mission to return to basics, reconnect with once-loyal millennials, and simultaneously win over Gen Z.

Now he wants everyone to know: Gap is back.

"It's been a full return to relevance of the brand," said Breitbard, who's been in leadership roles at Gap Inc. — the parent company of Gap, Old Navy, Banana Republic, and Athleta — on and off since 2009.

Back to the basics

After its '90s peak, Gap Inc. shares hit roughly $52 in 2000, a level it hasn't reached since. Gap's namesake brand started to falter in the 2010s and entered a roughly decadeslong slump in revenue.

As Zara and H&M pushed further into trendy fast fashion and others doubled down on athleisure or premium denim in the mid-aughts, Gap landed in the awkward middle and lost its selling point. Many industry insiders thought that Gap Inc.'s brands couldn't be turned around, UBS analyst Jay Sole said.

Breitbard said the brand used to have awareness and affinity — and people missed the old Gap.

"We moved into this period where we were over corporate and too many products in the store, and too many ideas, and too much discounting — and not enough of our playbook," said Breitbard.

Breitbard said his 2020 tenure began with a major cleanup from the inside out: rounds of layoffs to reduce bureaucracy and reset leadership, store closures in unprofitable markets, a narrower assortment of styles, and a dramatic upgrade in product quality.

The sweats and jeans that once made the brand famous are now "central" to its comeback, Breitbard said.

That renewed focus on classic American style is a major reason the strategy is resonating, Bill Kenney, CEO of brand agency Focus Lab, told Business Insider. Rather than trying to reinvent itself — like when it briefly changed its logo in 2010 — Gap is leaning into what worked all along.

"They're not trying to tell 17 different stories," Kenney said.

The power of viral partnerships

Breitbard said that the brand grounds its purpose in "great storytelling" around big product ideas every season. That includes partnerships with popular artists, which have had a strong impact, especially with younger consumers.

Breitbard said that 2023, Gap's first year returning to positive revenue after its slump, marked the true turning point.

From there, the momentum built with a LoveShackFancy collaboration. By 2024, Breitbard said, a steady "drumbeat" of moves followed.

Lily Comba, founder and CEO of creator marketing agency Superbloom, told Business Insider that she noticed a change when Fabiola Torres was hired as the brand's chief marketing officer that year.

It began with Gap's spring 2024 linen campaign featuring Tyla. In August 2025, the brand followed up with its "Better in Denim" partnership with Katseye — a TikTok-ready moment that featured the girl group performing to 2003 hit "Milkshake." It arrived on the heels of Sydney Sweeney's controversial American Eagle ad, and it positioned Gap as a lighter, more inclusive voice in the denim category.

The Katseye campaign appeared to pay off in store visits, as Gap saw positive visit growth across most of the six-month period from August to January, according to data from analytics platform Placer.ai.

Part of what makes Gap distinct, Breitbard said, is that "we bridge gaps" (no pun intended). Some of its best-selling styles are worn by both mothers and daughters, he said.

For the holidays, the multi-generational choir featured in the "Give Your Gift" campaign reinforced the message that Gap is an American brand, Comba said.

Most recently, its partnership with Puerto Rican Gen Z artist Young Miko felt especially well-timed, Comba said, tapping into the cultural momentum sparked by Bad Bunny's halftime show. She said the choice to team up with Young Miko was "exactly what Gen Z wants."

"That's the beauty of Gap," Comba said, adding that, "they've always made denim; they've always made sweats; they've always made linen; but it's just how they're communicating is evolving."

Although Gap's turnaround is in full swing, Sole, the UBS analyst, said it has to meet the moment in more ways than its marketing. Shoppers want to know they're getting good value for their money, he said.

Gap will have to deliver items that match the price point and identity it has built if it wants to retain the customers it's attracted.

"They have money in their pocket, they're willing to pay, but they want to have real value," Sole said.