Mr. Rai documented major figures like the Dalai Lama and Indira Gandhi, as well as the victims of a poison gas leak in the city of Bhopal.

He was imprisoned for calling attention to the practice of declaring dissidents mentally ill. He later led efforts to confront his field’s dark past.

In an unsanctioned mission, the Foreign Service officer helped evacuate about 200 South Vietnamese citizens from Saigon days before the city fell in 1975.

The influencer Zhang Xuefeng was known for no-nonsense, some said cynical, advice about how to win in China’s educational rat race. He died at 41.

Despite being imprisoned and harassed, he helped found an organization to combat slavery in his West African nation of Mauritania.